» Caloosahatchee River Water Management, MFLs (Minimum Flows and Levels) and Historical Flow: 

Water Management, MFLs (Minimum Flows and Levels) and Historical Flow

(MFLs: "The limit at which further water withdrawls would cause significant harm to the water resource or ecology of the area" (USGS))

Bierman, Victor J. (1993). Performance report for Caloosahatchee Estuary salinity modeling. Ann Arbor, MI: Limno-Tech, Inc.
(The objective of this study is to develop a water quality model to predict Caloosahatchee Estuary salinity in response to a range of freshwater flow conditions.)

Boggess, Durward H. (1975). Effects of a landfill on ground-water quality. 40 pp. Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Geological Survey.
(In October 1970, the U. S. Geological Survey began an investigation in Lee County, Florida. The principal objectives of the study were to identify and measure the concentrations of leachate entering the natural ground-water system as a result of landfill operations, to determine the direction of movement of the leachate, and to delineate the areal extent of the affected area. Water was collected from 11 wells in the vicinity of a landfill site and chemical analyses were performed. This report presents the findings of the investigation.)

Boggess, Durward H. (1972). Controlled discharge from the W. P. Franklin Dam as a means of flushing saline water from the fresh-water reach of the Caloosahatchee River, Lee County, Florida. Open file report (Geological Survey) ; 72028. 45 pp. Tallahassee, FL: Florida Bureau of Geology.
(During low flow, saline water from the tidal reach of the river moves upstream during the lockage of boats at the dam, causing a progressive net increase in the chloride content of the fresh river water. The purpose of this investigation is to determine whether the accumulated salt water can be flushed downstream by controlling the discharge rate through the dam.)

Boggess, Durward H. (1970). Test of flushing procedures to control salt-water intrusion at the W. P. Franklin Dam near Fort Myers, Florida. The magnitude and extent of salt-water contamination in the Caloosahatchee River between La Belle and Olga, Florida. 39 pp. Tallahassee,FL: Florida Bureau of Geology.
http://fulltext.fcla.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=feol&idno=UF00001122&format=jpg OR
http://fulltext.fcla.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=feol&idno=UF00001122&format=pdf
(FIRST PART: During low-flow periods, salty water from the tidal part of the Caloosahatchee River moves upstream during boat lockages at the W.P. Franklin Dam near Fort Myers, Florida. Several tests were conducted to determine if changes in locking procedures would effectively reduce or eliminate the problem.

SECOND PART: Repeated injections of salt water through the lock chamber at the W.P. Franklin Dam causes a progressive increase in the chloride content of water in the fresh water reach of the Caloosahatchee River during low-flow periods. The primary purpose of this report is to evaluate the effects of the repeated injections of salt water.)

Boggess, Durward H. (1968). Magnitude and extent of salt-water contamination in the Caloosahatchee River Basin. Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Dept. of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey.
(During low-flow periods, salt water from the tidal reach of the Caloosahatchee River below the W.P. Franklin Dam moves into the fresh-water section of the river above the dam as a result of boat lockages. This report evaluates the effects of the repeated injections of salt water, including the upstream extent of contamination. Water samples obtained during 1968 form the basis for the report, although other information relating to salt-water contamination of the river is included.)

Boggess, Durward H. (1968). Test of flushing procedures to control salt-water intrusion at the W. P. Franklin Dam, near Fort Myers, Florida. 20 pp. Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division.
(During low-flow periods, salty water from the tidal part of the Caloosahatchee River moves upstream during boat lockages at the W.P. Franklin Dam near Fort Myers, Florida. Plans were developed for conducting tests to determine if changes in locking procedures would effectively reduce or eliminate the problem. In March 1968, a test was performed, which consisted of flushing salt water from the lock chamber by controlled opening of the downstream sector gates and full opening of the upstream sector gates, prior to lockages. A detailed summary is presented here, as are comments concerning two other proposed tests.)

Boggess, Durward H. (1968). Water-supply problems in Southwest Florida. 27 pp. Tallahassee, FL: Florida State Board of Conservation.
(This report examines the water-supply problems that affect Charlotte, Collier, Glades, Hendry and Lee counties in Southwest Florida. It discusses surface- and ground-water problems.)

Caloosahatchee River Area 1. Overview of the Caloosahatchee Study area.
http://www.dep.state.fl.us/southeast/ecosystem/wqpp/WQPP%20DRAFT/e.%20Caloosahatchee%20Study%20Area.pdf
(Provides (online) a historical overview of the Caloosahatchee and its watershed with information on land use, drainage features, extent of tidal influence, and water quality–TMDLs, freshwater flow from the Okeechobee.)


Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc. (1995). Caloosahatchee River Basin assessment. Phase II, Water quality data analysis report. 1 vol. West Palm Beach, FL: South Florida Water Management District.
(This report discusses the second phase of the Caloosahatchee River Basin Assessment. The first major task of this phase was the development of an overall map of the basin with land uses and drainage subbasins. The map was prepared using South Florida Water Management District geographic information system (GIS) land use information. The second major task was the monitoring of the C-43 canal at 4 sites and some of the tributaries at 3 sites. The sampling program took place from August 1993 to July 1994. The 48-week monitoring program was combined with available historical data obtained from the South Florida Water Management District to develop water quantity and water quality databases.)


Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District. Resource Planning Dept.(1974). Memorandum report on surface water availability in the Caloosahatchee Basin, by Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District. 58 pp. West Palm Beach, FL: The District, Resource Planning Dept.
(The main purpose of this 1974 report is to identify, quantify and evaluate the hydrologic constraints operating in the Caloosahatchee Basin which have a bearing on surface water allocations for salinity control and for irrigation and navigational uses. A corollary purpose is the establishment of minimum flows from S- 79 (Franklin Lock and Dam) to the estuarine areas. Recommendations are made concerning guidelines for evaluating new surface water withdrawal permits; treatment of existing valid surface water withdrawal permits; guidelines for salinity control in the reach between S-79 and S-78; minimum discharges to the estuary from S-79; and guidelines for water supply operations for the Caloosahatchee Basin.)


Chamberlain, R. H. and P. H. Doering. (1997). Freshwater inflow to the Caloosahatchee Estuary and the resource-based method for evaluation. West Palm Beach, FL: Ecosystem Restoration Dept., South Florida Water Management District. http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/research/fresheval.pdf OR
http://library.fgcu.edu/chnep/9802-12.pdf
(The paper describes physical and hydrologic features of the Caloosahatchee Estuary and the potential environmental problems associated with extremes of high and low freshwater inflows.)


Chamberlain, R. H. and P. H. Doering. (1997). Preliminary estimate of optimum freshwater inflow to the Caloosahatchee Estuary: a resource-based approach. 21 pp. West Palm Beach, FL: Ecosystem Restoration Dept., South Florida Water Management District.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/research/optimumfresh.pdf OR
http://library.fgcu.edu/chnep/9802-15.pdf
(In the Caloosahatchee Estuary, establishing a suitable salinity environment is the most basic prerequisite for promoting estuarine biota in this system. The South Florida Water Management District has adopted a resource-based research strategy with the intent of prescribing an acceptable freshwater discharge distribution within the salinity tolerance range of key estuarine species. To test this approach, submerged aquatic vegetation were selected as key species. This paper presents preliminary results and recommends a provisional inflow distribution.)


Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program. (1999). Data management, analysis, and exchange strategy. 79 pp. North Fort Myers, FL: Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.
(The document describes data management strategy for the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program. It identifies data gaps and needs, and suggests actions to fill information gaps and encourage data exchange. It includes information on web sites, geographical information systems, CD-ROM data, newsletters and reports.)


Connell, Metcalf and Eddy. (1979). Water management study of the Cape Coral canal networks, Lee County, Florida. 88 pp. Coral Gables, FL: Connell, Metcalf and Eddy.


Cunningham, K.J., S. D. Locker, A. C. Hine, D. Bukry, J. A.. Barron,and L. A. Guertin. (2001). Surface-Geophysical Characterization of Ground-Water Systems of the Caloosahatchee River Basin, Southern Florida. Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4084. 81 pp. Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Dept. of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey.
Abstract: http://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/wri01_4084_cunningham.html
Full text: http://fl.water.usgs.gov/PDF_files/wri01_4084_cunningham.pdf
(Using marine seismic-reflection and ground-penetrating radar, the study evaluates the potential flow between the river and ground-water systems.)


Doering, P. H., R. H. Chamberlain and J. M. McMunigal. (2001). Effects of simulated saltwater intrusions on the growth and survival of wild celery, Vallisneria americana, from the Caloosahatchee estuary (South Florida). Estuaries, 24 (6): A 894-903.
(The study showed that V. americana can survive the salinity stress associated with most intrusions of salt water in the upper Caloosahatchee estuary.)

Doering, P.H. (2001) Salinity measurements in the Caloosahatchee River. April 1, 2000 to September 2, 2002.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/wrp_ce/2_wrp_ce_estuary/cresal.gif (Online graph.)

Doering, P.H. (2001). Flow measurements in the Caloosahatchee River. April 1, 2000 to September2, 2002.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/wrp_ce/2_wrp_ce_estuary/flowenvelope.gif (Online graph.)

Doering, P. H., et al. (2001). Effects of simulated saltwater intrusions on the growth and survival of wild celery, Vallisneria americana from the Caloosahatchee Estuary. Estuaries, 24(6A): 894-903.
(The authors showed that V. americana can survive the salinity stress associated with most intrusions of salt water.)

Doering, P. H. and R. H. Chamberlain. (1999). Water quality and source of freshwater discharge to the Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 35(4): 793-806.
(The Caloosahatchee River two major sources of freshwater, its watershed and the artificial connection to Lake Okeechobee, contribute to water quality in the downstream estuary as a function of both total discharge and source of discharge.)

Doering, P. H., R. H. Chamberlain, K. M. Donohue and A. D. Steinman. (1999). Effect of salinity on the growth of Vallisneria americana from the Caloosahatchee Estuary. Florida Scientist, 62(2): 898-105.

Doering, P. H. and R. H. Chamberlain. (1997). Water quality in the Caloosahatchee Estuary, San Carlos Bay and Pine Island Sound, Florida. Draft. 23 pp. West Palm Beach, FL: Ecosystem Restoration Dept., South Florida Water Management District.
http://library.fgcu.edu/chnep/9802-25.pdf
(The purpose of this report is to summarize water quality conditions in the southern portion of the Charlotte Harbor system, describing seasonal and spatial variation in water quality and comparing water quality with other established standards that are more generically applied. Concentrations of nutrients and other water quality parameters were sampled monthly at 17 stations in the Caloosahatchee Estuary-Pine Island Sound region of the Charlotte Harbor system from November 1985 to May 1989. Several of these stations were revisited on a monthly basis from November 1994 to December 1995.)

Dragovich, A. and J. A. Kelly, Jr. (1968). Hydrological and biological characteristics of Florida's west coast tributaries. Fisheries Bulletin, 66(3): 463-477.
(The study examined the variations in temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, total phosphorus, inorganic phosphate-phosphorus, copper, and iron in the Hillsborough, Alafia, Little Manatee, Manatee, Myakka, Peace, and Caloosahatchee Rivers and the The possible relation between the mean input of various materials by the tributaries, and the presence Gymnodinium breve was tested. A correlation between iron and G. breve was significant at the 80-percent level.(DBO).)

Drew, Richard D. and N. Scott Schomer. (1985). Ecological characterization of the Caloosahatchee River/Big Cypress watershed. Washington, DC: Minerals Management Service: Fish and Wildlife Service.
http://palmm.fcla.edu/~fdl/cgi-bin/fdlcgi?UF00000112%2Fpdf OR
http://palmm.fcla.edu/~fdl/cgi-bin/fdlcgi?UF00000112%2Fjpg
(The document covers the Caloosahatchee River and Big Cypress watersheds, their geology and physiography, climate, hydrology and water quality, watershed energetics, plant communities and fauna.)

Drew, Richard D. and N. Scott Schomer. (1985). Ecological characterization of the Caloosahatchee River/Big Cypress watershed. Washington, DC: Minerals Management Service, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
http://palmm.fcla.edu/~fdl/cgi-bin/fdlcgi?UF00000112%2Fpdf OR
http://palmm.fcla.edu/~fdl/cgi-bin/fdlcgi?UF00000112%2Fjpg
(The document covers the Caloosahatchee River and Big Cypress watersheds, their geology and physiography, climate, hydrology and water quality, watershed energetics, plant communities and fauna.)

Edwards, Randy E., et al. (2000). Final review report. Caloosahatchee minimum flow. Peer review panel. September 27-29, 2000. South Florida Water Management District. http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/mfl/calmfl/pdfs/finalpeerreportcal.pdf
(A review panel discussion on Caloosahatchee minimum flow.)

Estevez, Ernest D. (2000). Review and application of literature concerning freshwater flow management in riverine estuaries: submitted to the South Florida Water Management District. 70 pp. Sarasota, FL: Mote Marine Laboratory.
(This literature review was requested by the South Florida Water Management District to accomplish several objectives: 1) to learn of living resources that can be used as targets, indicators or criteria for minimum flow determinations in riverine estuaries; 2) to learn how the selection of living resource targets may be affected if working in rivers with long histories of extreme structural and hydrologic alteration; 3) to benefit from lessons learned by other Florida water management districts, other states, and other countries; and 4) to solicit an independent expert recommendation of approaches to develop flow management criteria, so as to improve water quality, increase habitat for key organisms, and sustain biodiversity.)


Fan, Andrew. (1983). Surface water availability of the Caloosahatchee Basin. 79 pp. West Palm Beach, FL: Water Resources Division, Resource Planning Dept., South Florida Water Management District.
(This study quantifies the surface water availability of the Caloosahatchee River Basin. It covers the fresh water zone of the Basin from Franklin Lock to Lake Okeechobee. The hydrologic data used in this study covers the period of 1966 to 1980.)

Fitzpatrick, D. J. (1982). Hydrologic data from monitoring of saline-water intrusion in the Cape Coral area, Lee County, Florida. Open-file report, Geological Survey (U. S.); 82-772. Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Dept. of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey.
(As a result of declining water levels and saline-water intrusion in the Cape Coral area, the U. S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the City of Cape Coral established a monitoring well network in Cape Coral and adjacent areas in 1978-79. The network was designed to indicate lateral movement of saline water in the upper part of the Hawthorn Formation; to provide trends in water levels; and to provide background data from aquifers. Data collected in this network since 1978, as well as data collected from selected wells in the network prior to 1978, are compiled in this report. These data include water-quality data from 69 wells, water-level data from 29 wells, and lithologic logs from 18 wells. Other data compiled in this report include municipal pumpage and rainfall data supplied by the City of Cape Coral.)

Flaig, Eric G. and John C. Capece. (1997). Water use and runoff in the Caloosahatchee watershed. In S. F. Treat (Ed.). Proceedings of the Charlotte Harbor Public Conference and Technical Symposium (pp. 73-80). Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program Technical Report No. 98-02.
Full text: http://library.fgcu.edu/chnep/9802-10.pdf OR
(The authors address the needs to manage the watershed to support any additional growth in the region and protect the estuary.)

Flaig, E. G., J. C. Capece, and P. Srivastava. (1997). Caloosahatchee River, technical aspects of the resource: watershed flow and water quality. American Water Resources Association Conference, November 23. Fort Myers, Florida.

Flaig, E. G. and J. C. Capece. (1997). Water use and water supply in the Caloosahatchee watershed. Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program Symposium, March 15, Punta Gorda, FL.

Flaig, E. G. and J. C. Capece. (1982). Analysis of water and nutrient budgets for the Caloosahatchee watershed: Verification of sub-basin boundaries. Immokalee, FL: Southwest Research and Education Center.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/research/basin.pdf
(The purpose of the study was to verify sub-basin resources.)

Flaig, E. G. and J. C. Capece. (1982). Water use and runoff in the Caloosahatchee watershed. West Palm Beach, FL: South Florida Water Management District.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/research/nepflow7.pdf
(Looks at anthropogenic activities that have impacted the Caloosahatchee Estuary's waters.)

Fraser, Thomas H. and Ralph T. Montgomery. (1997). Compendium of existing monitoring programs in the greater Charlotte Harbor watershed. 187 pp. North Fort Myers, FL: Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.
Table of contents: http://library.fgcu.edu/chnep/9702-toc.pdf
(This report describes monitoring programs for the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program study area.(including the Myakka River).The objectives of this report are to: 1) identify and describe all existing land, air, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife and vegetation, and water monitoring programs that pertain to the study area; 2) provide a summary of those programs both temporally and geographically; 3) help identify areas where monitoring is lacking or where protocols are inconsistent; and 4) assist existing programs in coordinating their efforts and increase understanding of programs across organizations.)

Guan, W., et al. (1999). Mapping submerged aquatic vegetation with GIS in the Caloosahatchee Estuary: Evaluation of different interpolation methods. 3rd Special Issue on Marine and Coastal Geographic Information Systems. International Journal of Marine Geodesy, 22(2): 69-91.
(The article evaluates different spatial interpolation methods for mapping submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida. Coupled with a GPS system, the Submersed Aquatic Vegetation Early Warning System (SAVEWS) operates from a slow-moving boat and records bottom depth, seagrass height, and seagrass density.)

Gunter, Gordon and Gordon E. Hall. (1965). Biological investigation of the Caloosahatchee Estuary of Florida. 71 pp. Ocean Springs, MS: Gulf Coast Research Laboratory.
(The study examines the effects of Lake Okeechobee discharge and local runoff through the Caloosahatchee River on the fishes and animals of the estuary.)


Gunter, Gordon and Gordon E. Hall. (1962). Biological investigations of Caloosahatchee estuary in connection with Lake Okeechobee discharges through Caloosahatchee River: a report to the District Engineer, Jacksonville District, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. 59 pp. Jacksonville, FL: U. S. Army Corps of Engineers.
(The study examines the effects of Lake Okeechobee discharge and local runoff through the Caloosahatchee River on the fishes and animals of the estuary. A more detailed report was published in 1965, under the title: A biological investigation of the Caloosahatchee Estuary of Florida.)

Hills, G.B. (1927). Report and plan of improvement: Caloosahatchee Improvement District. 54 pp. Jacksonville, FL: George B. Hills Co., Engineers.
(This is a final report, dated June 1927, from the George B. Hills Company to the Caloosahatchee Improvement District Board of Commissioners. It contains the results of field surveys and investigations, and presents an outline of a plan for improvement. The report concludes that the control of floods in the Caloosahatchee River requires a material improvement of the river itself, and a reduction of the volume of flood waters delivered to the upper river. It recommends that this be accomplished by the construction of diversion canals and by temporary storage in Lakes Hicpochee and Okeechobee.)

Hoffacker, V. A. (1994). Caloosahatchee River submerged grass observations during 1993. Letter report and map to Chip Merian, South Florida Water Management District. W. D. Dexter Bender and Associates.

Johnson Engineering, Inc. (1997). South Lee County watershed study. South Florida Water Management District contract C-8812. West Palm Beach, FL: South Florida Water Management District.

Konyha, K. (2000). Modeling of the environmental response of Vallisneria in the Caloosahatchee Estuary to freshwater flows at the Franklin Lock and Dam. Memo dated June 29, 2000. West Palm Beach, FL: South Florida Water Management District.

Konyha, K. (1999). Establishing interim MFLs release rules to avoid significant harm to Vallisneria in the Caloosahatchee Estuary. Watershed Research and Planning Dept.. Memo dated June 26, 1999. West Palm Beach, FL: South Florida Water Management District.

Kraemer, G.P., et al. (1999). Physiological responses of Vallisneria americana transplants along a salinity gradient in the Caloosahatchee Estuary (SW Florida). Estuaries 22, 138-148.
(The study demonstrated that V. americana, nominally classed as a freshwater macrophyte, is capable of a remarkable degree of halotolerance.)

Labadie, John W. (1997). Optimization of freshwater inflows to the Caloosahatchee Estuary. 25 pp. West Palm Beach, FL: South Florida Water Management District.
(The purpose of the project is to provide a methodology for implementing storage-release systems and best management practices within the Caloosahatchee watershed to modify mean monthly frequency distributions of freshwater inflows to the Caloosahatchee Estuary. The methodology is sufficiently generalized to be applied to other watersheds such as the St. Lucie on the Florida east coast.)

LaRose, H. R. and B. F. McPherson. (1983). Chemical and hydrologic assessment of the Caloosahatchee River Basin, Lake Okeechobee to Franklin Lock, Florida. 63p. Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Dept. of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey.
(The report discusses the water quality of the Caloosahatchee River and its tributaries, and evaluates the movement and chemical quality of the water. It includes data on concentrations of dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, major ions, trace elements and pesticides, and characterizes seasonal changes and areal differences in nutrient concentrations.)

LaRose, Henry R. and Benjamin F. McPherson. (1980). Hydrologic and land-cover features of the Caloosahatchee River Basin, Lake Okeechobee to Franklin Lock, Florida. Open-file report; 80-732. Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Geological Survey.
(This map report presents an overview of the major physical features of the freshwater part of the Caloosahatchee River basin, and selected information on water flow, water quality, land-cover and land use. It includes a map showing the major tributaries, U. S. Geological Survey data collection sites, land-cover and land use diagrams, and arrows indicating the direction of water flow.)

McPherson, Benjamin F. and Henry R. La Rose. (1982). Algal conditions in the Caloosahatchee River (1975-79), Lake Okeechobee to Franklin Lock, Florida. 28 pp Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division.
(The authors examine the water quality and water flow in the Caloosahatchee River and its tributaries, with emphasis on the algal population.)

Mierau, R. E., R. E. Irons, and W. V. Storch. (1974). Surface water availability in the Caloosahatchee basin. Memorandum Report. West Palm Beach, FL: Central and South Florida Flood Control District.
(The main purpose of this 1974 report is to identify, quantify and evaluate the hydrologic constraints operating in the Caloosahatchee Basin which have a bearing on surface water allocations for salinity control and for irrigation and navigational uses. A corollary purpose is the establishment of minimum flows from S- 79 (Franklin Lock and Dam) to the estuarine areas. Recommendations are made concerning guidelines for evaluating new surface water withdrawal permits; treatment of existing valid surface water withdrawal permits; guidelines for salinity control in the reach between S-79 and S-78; minimum discharges to the estuary from S-79; and guidelines for water supply operations for the Caloosahatchee Basin.)

Miller, T. H., A. C. Federico and J. F. Milleson. (1982). Survey of water quality characteristics and chlorophyll a concentrations in the Caloosahatchee River system, Florida: final report. 159 pp. West Palm Beach, FL: South Florida Water Management District, Resource Planning Dept.
(Examined the quality of water discharges to the Caloosahatchee River by investigating selected tributaries and Lake Okeechobee, to determine the impact of these inflows upon the river, and to identify the water quality conditions associated with the phytoplankton levels in the Caloosahatchee.)

Morrison, Douglas, et al. (1989). Impact of freshwater discharge from Cape Coral waterways into Matlacha Pass Aquatic Preserve. Cape Coral, FL: Environmental Resources Division, City of Cape Coral.
(The Cape Coral canal system has altered the natural sheet flow of freshwater into Matlacha Pass Aquatic Preserve. A spreader waterway system was constructed to mitigate potential environmental problems. The city of Cape Coral designed a long-term project to evaluate the spreader system. The objectives of the initial phase were to evaluate the effectiveness of the spreader system and locate breaks in the system, to determine the extent and impact of channelized discharge from Cape Coral on the Matlacha ecosystem, and to establish baseline data.)

Murdock, J. F. (1954-1956). Preliminary survey of the effects of releasing water from Lake Okeechobee through the St. Lucie and Caloosahatchee estuaries. 89 pp. Coral Gables, FL: Marine Laboratory, University of Miami.
(The 1954 report presents the results of a preliminary survey of the periodic release of water from Lake Okeechobee through the Caloosahatchee River and the St. Lucie Canal, and its effects upon the marine life of the estuaries.)

Neidrauer, C. J., P. J. Trimble and E. R. Santee. (1997). Simulation of alternative operational schedules for Lake Okeechobee. Draft. 1 vol. West Palm Beach, FL: South Florida Water Management District, Hydrologic Systems Modeling Division.
(In support of the Lake Okeechobee Regulation Schedule Study, simulations of four regulation schedules for Lake Okeechobee have been completed. The major assumptions and results of this effort are presented in this report. Also included is a preliminary analysis of the trade-offs between the competing objectives for managing the lake. The analysis is limited to assessing effects on system-wide hydrology and water supply. All the measures of performance presented in this report are based on the simulation of hydrologic variables.)

Okeechobee Flood Control District (FL). (1930). Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Florida: a report to the United States District Engineer, Jacksonville, Florida, in connection with a review of reports published in House document No. 215, 70th Congress, first session, and Senate document No. 213, 70th Congress, 2d session, relative to the Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, with special reference to navigation and flood control / submitted by Okeechobee Flood Control District of Florida. 96 pp. Washington, DC: Govt. Printing Office.
(This 1930 report discusses the Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, including the Florida Everglades, with special reference to navigation and flood control. It is submitted by direction of the Board of Commissioners of the Okeechobee Flood Control District to assist the District Engineer in his review of reports previously submitted.)

Pattilo, M., L. P. Rozas and R. J. Zimmerman. (1997). Review of salinity requirements for selected marine plants and fishes of the Caloosahatchee River area, Lee County, Florida. St. Petersburg, FL: Florida State Board of Conservation Marine Laboratory.

Phillips; Ronald C. and Victor G. Springer. (1960). Report on the hydrography, marine plants and fishes of the Caloosahatchee River area, Lee County, Florida. St. Petersburg, FL: Florida State Board of Conservation Marine Laboratory.
(Reports on immediate effects of fresh water on the marine plants of the area and fish observed in the river.)

Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan. (1999). Synthesis of technical information. Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Program. Technical Report No. 99-02. 2 vols. North Fort Myers, FL: Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.
(This document comprises the characterization element of the National Estuary Program process. It synthesizes available information about the water quality, hydrologic alterations, and fish and wildlife habitat in the Greater Charlotte Harbor watershed. It covers the Caloosahatchee River, Charlotte Harbor, Estero Bay, Lemon Bay, Myakka River, Peace River, Pine Island Sound and Coastal Venice.

Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan. (1980). Hydrodynamic and water quality analysis of the Caloosahatchee estuary. Draft copy. 120 pp. Fort Myers, FL: Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan.
(The modeling presented in the paper is based upon field data and is used to assess receiving water impacts associated with point source discharge options identified by the Lee County facilities planning. The allocations are based on Dissolved Oxygen Criteria. Nutrients, eutrophication, and possible existing toxic substances in the estuary are discussed. The EPA Dynamic Estuary Model is used as the analysis tool.)

Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan. (1978). Recommended control techniques for the Caloosahatchee River study area. 1 vol. Fort Myers, FL: Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan.
(The paper presents engineering recommendations for urban stormwater and nonpoint source control techniques. It incorporates the findings of previously submitted reports on analyses of load allocations and on preliminary control alternatives.)

Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan. (1977). Caloosahatchee River modeling study. 1 vol. Ft. Lauderdale, FL: Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan.
(The paper presents water quality mathematical modeling, based upon field data, of the Caloosahatchee River reach between the Franklin Dam and Shell Point.)

Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan. (1977). Preliminary control alternatives for the Caloosahatchee River study area. North Fort Myers, FL: Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council.
(The paper discusses and makes recommendations for the Caloosahatchee River study area, water quality problems, and control alternatives.)

Scarlatos, Panagiotis D. (1988). Caloosahatchee estuary hydrodynamics. South Florida Water Management District Technical Publication 88-7. 39 pp. West Palm Beach, FL: Water Resources Division, Resource Planning Dept., South Florida Water Management District.
(The Caloosahatchee estuary system is connected to Lake Okeechobee through the Caloosahatchee River canal. This study examines the release of fresh water from Franklin Dam and its effect on the salinity distribution of the estuary. A one-dimensional model (EDASM-B) has been developed for the simulation of the hydrodynamics and salinity distribution of the estuarine system. By changing the input parameters, various anticipated physical scenarios can be assessed and a management plan can be developed.)

Seaman, William and Richard McLean. (1977). Freshwater and the Florida Coast: Southwest Florida. Proceedings of a seminar for the Southwest Florida Water Management District, May 26-27, 1977, Tampa, Florida. Gainesville, FL: State University System of Florida, Sea Grant College Program.
(The seminar was used to illustrate scientifically sound methods for determining the amount, quality and temporal distribution of runoff an estuary needs in order to be maintained in a productive state.)

Smith, David B. (1955). Study of the hydrological characteristics of the Caloosahatchee River Basin: for the Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District. West Palm Beach, FL: Central and Southern Florida Flood Control District.
(Topics covered in the report include rainfall (rainfall stations and records; frequency of annual rainfalls), runoff (discharge stations and records; runoff from Fisheating Creek Basin and Orange River Basin; drought flows; flood flows; surface water quality), and ground water (deep well supplies; shallow well supplies; ground water quality.)

South Florida Water Management District. (2002). Caloosahatchee Basin integrated model calibration acceptance plan. Draft version.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/research/calibaccplan.pdf
(The objective of the model is to provide the capability of assessing impact on the total water budget of the extensive conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water.)

South Florida Water Management District. (2002). Minimum Flows and Levels (MFLs).
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/mfl/
(Provides information about MFLs, priority water body list, mandated efforts, and materials on specific water bodies that include the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary.)

South Florida Water Management District. (2002). Caloosahatchee River and estuary. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.
S79 Real-time Data http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/omd/rt_S79.html
In Situ Salinity Data
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/wrp_ce/2_wrp_ce_estuary/cresal.gif
S-79 Flow and Flow Envelope for the Caloosahatchee Estuary http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wrp/wrp_ce/2_wrp_ce_estuary/flowenvelope.gif

South Florida Water Management District. (2002). Minimum flows and levels for the Caloosahatchee River and Estuary. Draft. [West Palm Beach, FL: The District.]
Draft - Introduction: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/mfl/calmfl/pdfs/calch1.pdf
Description of the water body:
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/mfl/calmfl/pdfs/calch2.pdf
Methods for developing flow criteria: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/mfl/calmfl/pdfs/calch3.pdf
Proposed minimum flows and levels criteria: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/mfl/calmfl/pdfs/calch4.pdf
Conclusions: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/mfl/calmfl/pdfs/calch5.pdf
Literature Cited: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/mfl/calmfl/pdfs/calch6.pdf

South Florida Water Management District.(2000). Caloosahatchee River management plan. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.
Planning document: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/final/cplan.htm
Support Document: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/final/csup.html
Appendices: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/final/capp.html

South Florida Water Management District.(2000). Caloosahatchee River and estuary salinity profiles. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/lo_statustrends/recessperiod/caloosa/cesprofsal.htm
(Salinity profile for May-June, 2000. Vertical profiles of salinity as a function of upstream distance from the mouth of the Caloosahatchee River. Negative distances indicate monitoring sites located in San Carlos Bay.)

South Florida Water Management District. (2000). Technical documentation to support development of minimum flows and levels for the Caloosahatchee River and estuary. 80 pp. (September 6, 2000 Draft)
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/mfl/calmfl/docs.html

South Florida Water Management District.(2000). Caloosahatchee River management plan. Final plan. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.
Planning document: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/final/cplan.htm
Support Document: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/final/csup.html
Appendices: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/final/capp.html

South Florida Water Management District.(2000). Caloosahatchee River and estuary salinity profiles. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/lo_statustrends/recessperiod/caloosa/cesprofsal.htm
(Salinity profile for May-June, 2000. Vertical profiles of salinity as a function of upstream distance from the mouth of the Caloosahatchee River. Negative distances indicate monitoring sites located in San Carlos Bay.)

South Florida Water Management District. (2000). Caloosahatchee water management plan: Support document. 98 pp. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.
Text: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/final/csup.pdf
Appendices: http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/final/capp_a_f.pdf
(The report examines the water resources potential of the Caloosahatchee Basin in order to assess the present and future water supply needs for urban and agricultural users, and develop a plan to meet those needs, while restoring, preserving, and protecting the ecosystem of the Caloosahatchee Basin, including the Caloosahatchee Estuary.)

South Florida Water Management District. (2000). Lower West Coast regional water supply plan. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.

South Florida Water Management District. (200-). Caloosahatchee surface water permits and permitted retention areas. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/research/caloosrt.pdf (Caloosahatchee Watershed Image.)

South Florida Water Management District. (200-). Caloosahatchee drainage basins. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/research/drainagebasin.pdf
(Caloosahatchee Watershed Image: Graphical representation of drainage networks, major tributaries and sub-basins.)

South Florida Water Management District. (200-). Base maps. Caloosahatchee. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/research/basemap.pdf
(Caloosahatchee Watershed Image. Graphical representation ~ base map.)

South Florida Water Management District. (200-). Seepage Study: Caloosahatchee River groundwater/Surface water interaction monitoring study. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/exo/cwmp/research/seepage.pdf
(The study was developed to help determine the importance of groundwater seepage to the Caloosahatchee River watershed irrigation system.)

South Florida Water Management District. (1997). Basis of review for water use. Management of water use permitting information manual, Vol. III for the South Florida Water Management District. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.

South Florida Water Management District. (1995). Estuary research plan for the St. Lucie, Loxahatchee, Caloosahatchee and Indian River Lagoon. 26 pp. West Palm Beach, FL: The District.
(The Estuary Research Plan of the Okeechobee Systems Research Division (OSRD): (1) defines a series of management objectives that addresses the major estuarine problems; (2) identifies information needs for these systems; and (3) provides an initial framework for decision analysis.)

South Florida Water Management District. (1992). Water supply needs and sources. Planning Dept., Resource Planning Dept., The District.

South Florida Water Management District. (1989). Lake Okeechobee surface water management and improvement (SWIM) plan. Part I: Water quality and Part III West Palm Beach, FL: Public information, Planning Dept., Resource Planning Dept., The District.

South Florida Water Management District. (1980). District water use and supply development plan, Vol. III. Lower westcoast planning area. West Palm Beach, FL: Resource Planning Dept., The District.

Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council. (1976). Water quality and hydrodynamic sampling program design. 141 pp. North Fort Myers, FL: The Council.
(Detailed water quality sampling from Phillippi Creek, Charlotte Harbor, Caloosahatchee River, and Big Cypress Basin.)

Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council. (1976). Development of regional impact assessment for the estuaries. North Fort Myers, FL: The Council.
(Covers the impact assessment of the proposed “The estuaries” development in conformation with requirements of Chapter 380, Florida Statutes.)

Telis, Pamela A. (2001). Estimation of infiltration rates of saturated soils at selected sites in the Caloosahatchee River Basin. 16 pp. Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Dept. of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey.
Abstract http://fl.water.usgs.gov/Abstracts/ofr01_65_telis.html
Full text: http://fl.water.usgs.gov/PDF_files/ofr01_65_telis.pdf
(Soil infiltration measurements were made at 23 sites in the Caloosahatchee River Basin in Glades, Hendry, and Lee Counties in Southwest Florida. The sandy soils of the basin are characterized by high infiltration rates limited in some areas by a high water table during the wet season. Because soil characteristics are similar within the basin, soils are classified by landscape group based on landscape cover and associated drainage. In accordance with this designation by the South Florida Water Management District, 11 sites are classified in the rock landscape group, 7 in the flatwoods landscape group, 4 in the slough landscape group, and 1 in the depression landscape group.)

United States. (1930). H.R. 11781: an act authorizing the construction, repair, and preservation of certain public works on rivers and harbors, and for other purposes. 35 pp. Washington, DC: Govt. Printing Office.
(This is a portion of a law adopted by the 71st Congress in 1930, authorizing various works of improvement. Of special interest is a paragraph on page 9, which authorizes improvements for the Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas.)

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers and South Florida Water Management District. (1999). Central and Southern Florida flood control project comprehensive review study. The Corps and the District.
Facts and statistics: http://www.evergladesplan.org/docs/facts.pdf
Key points: http://www.evergladesplan.org/docs/key.pdf

U. S. Corps of Army Engineers. (2000). Lake Okeechobee Regulation Schedule Study. Jacksonville, FL: The Corps.
Link to: (Five Alternative Regulation Schedules for the Lake Okeechobee Regulation Schedule Study) http://www.saj.usace.army.mil/h2o/lib/documents/general/lorssalt.pdf
Links to C&SF Comprehensive Plan Project Map and C&SF Comprehensive Review Study: http://www.saj.usace.army.mil/dp/C&SF.htm
(The project was authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1948 and subsequent authorizations through the Water Resources Development Act of 1999. Implementation of the project is currently being conducted through a series of separable elements. The major separable elements are as follows: Upper St Johns River Basin, West Palm Beach Canal (STA-1E/C-51), South Dade County (C-111), Lake Okeechobee Regulation Schedule Review, Herbert Hoover Dike, Manatee Protection, and the C&SF Comprehensive Review Study. Other related projects that are appropriated separately are Kissimmee Restoration, Modified Water Deliveries to Everglades National Park Projects, and the Everglades and South Florida Ecosystem Restoration projects. The status of the individual separable elements are reported on separate pages.)

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1964). Caloosahatchee River detailed design memorandum C43. Jacksonville, FL: The Corps.

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1962). Caloosahatchee River detailed design memorandum C43. Jacksonville, FL: The Corps.

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1962). Caloosahatchee River detailed design memorandum, structures 77 and 78. Jacksonville, FL: The Corps.

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1961). Caloosahatchee River detailed design memorandum, structure 79. Jacksonville, FL: The Corps.

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1960). Caloosahatchee River detailed design memorandum C43. Jacksonville, FL: The Corps.

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1957). General design memorandum, Caloosahatchee River and control structures (Canal C-43 and lock spillway structures 77, 78, 79). Part IV, Central Southern Florida project, U. S. A. C. E. No. 36. Jacksonville, FL: The Corps.

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1939). Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Florida (interim report): letter from the Acting Secretary of War transmitting a letter from the Chief of Engineers, United States Army. 23 pp. Washington, DC: Govt. Printing Office.
(This 1939 interim report examines previous reports on the Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas. Its purpose is to determine if the project should be modified. Recommendations for modification are discussed.)

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1939). Lake Okeechobee Florida project. 22 pp. Jacksonville, FL: The Corps.
(This document from the 1930s discusses the history of the Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas project. It includes information on various improvements, such as the Moore Haven and Ortona locks, and the proposed new St. Lucie lock and spillway.)

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1930). Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Florida: letter from the Chief of Engineers, United States Army to the Chairman of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, submitting a review of the reports on Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, FL, submitted in House document no 215, Seventieth Congress, and in Senate document no 213, Seventieth Congress. 39 pp. Washington, DC: Govt. Printing Office.
(This document reviews previous reports on the Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas. Its purpose is to determine whether plans previously drawn up can be safely and economically modified. It also examines the apportionment of costs between the U. S. and Florida governments.)

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1929). Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Florida: letter from the Chief of Engineers, United States Army, transmitting to the Chairman of the Committee on Commerce, United States Senate, in response to a letter dated December 6, 1928, a report on the Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Florida. 34 pp. Washington, DC: Govt. Printing Office.
(This 1929 document is a review of a previously published report on the Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, with a view to determining whether any modification of the report is advisable, particularly in light of the flood of September 1928. Findings and recommendations are presented.)

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1928). Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Florida: letter from the Secretary of War transmitting report from the Chief of Engineers on survey of Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Florida, with a view to improvement for navigation and the control of the floods. 70 pp. Washington, DC: Govt. Printing Office.
(This 1928 report presents the recommendation of the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors that the Caloosahatchee River be improved from the western boundary of the Everglades drainage district to Fort Myers by straightening and dredging channels 6 feet deep and 80 feet wide.)

U. S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1927). Survey of Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Florida: Caloosahatchee River drainage area: Made with a view to flood control and navigation as directed by River and Harbor Act of February 14, 1927. Jacksonville, FL: The Corps. (Map, Scale 1:192,000.)

U. S. Dept. of Agriculture. (1930). Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Florida: Letter from the Secretary of Agriculture transmitting report of an inter-bureau committee regarding agricultural conditions in the Everglades of Florida, and the effect on those conditions of proposed navigation and flood-protection improvements. Washington, DC: Govt.
(This 1930 document presents the results of a study made by a committee appointed by the Secretary of Agriculture. The committee studied agricultural conditions in the Everglades, and the effect on those conditions of proposed navigation and flood-protection improvements. The report utilizes data available in the Dept. of Agriculture, as well as the results of a field examination made by the committee in November 1929.)

U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Office of River Basin Studies. (1957). Preliminary survey of the fish and wildlife resources in relation to the Corps of Engineers' plan of development, Caloosahatchee River, Canal C-43, Florida. Atlanta, GA: The Service.
(The 1957 preliminary report of the Corps of Engineers reviews the plan to construct the Caloosahatchee River (Canal C-43) Florida Project for flood control in the river basin proper. A survey was made to determine probable effects of the project on fish and wildlife resources of the area, and to ascertain whether more detailed studies are required. A further aim of the study was to assess the potential for maintenance of the fish and wildlife resources of the area within the framework of the project.)

U. S. War Dept. Engineer Office. (1946). Survey report on Caloosahatchee River and Lake Okeechobee drainage areas, Florida: Kreamer, Ritta and Torry Islands, for flood control. 39 pp. Jacksonville, FL: The Office.
(The paper examines the southern portion of Lake Okeechobee, Florida, focusing on the causes and extent of flooding, and its prevention. It recommends that the existing project for Caloosahatchee and Lake Okeechobee Drainage Areas be modified to provide for construction of a levee system around each island. The levees would protect the islands from high stages of Lake Okeechobee, augmented by wind tides. The paper examines the causes and extent of area flooding, and its prevention.)

Vogel, Cathleen. (?). Central and Southern Florida flood control project comprehensive review study: Roadmap or roadblock for the future? A case study in water resource planning in the age of ecosystem management. Pavese, Garner, Haverfield, Dalton, Harrison, and Jensen.
Full text: http://www.uwin.siu.edu/ucowr/updates/pdf/V111_A12.pdf

Wedderburn, L. A., M. S. Knapp, D. P. Waltz, and W. S. Burns. (1982). Hydrogeologic reconnaissance of Lee County, Florida. Technical Publication 82-1. 3 vols. West Palm Beach, FL: South Florida Water Management District.
(This study examines the geologic and hydrostratigraphic framework of the aquifers in Lee County, and assesses water level and water quality variations in these aquifers. The report consists of three parts. Part 1 is an interpretive text that describes in detail all the major elements of the study. Part 2 is a hydrogeologic atlas consisting of 28 plates. Part 3 contains appendices that give data used in the preparation of the maps or referred to in the text.)