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» Charlotte Harbor Water Quality Degradation: 

Water Quality Degradation (Eutrophication/Nutrient Enrichment, Hypoxia,  Anoxia, Sedimentation)

Anon.  (1987).  Environmental and water quality considerations in relations to withdrawing freshwater from the Peace River and Myakkahatchee Creek.  116 pp.  Technical Memorandum for General Development Utilities, Inc.

Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc.  (199?).  Study of seasonal and spatial patterns of hypoxia in Upper Charlotte Harbor.  Final report to surface Water Improvement and Management Section, Southwest Florida water Management District, Tampa, FL.

Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc.  (1992).  Impacts of septic tank operation Charlotte County, Florida.  Punta Gorda, FL: Charlotte County Commissioners.

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.  (2000).  Committing to our future: a comprehensive conservation and management plan for the Greater Charlotte Harbor watershed.  2 vols.  North Fort Myers, FL: The Program.

(Volume I is the main part of the management plan.  The management plan has goals, quantifiable objectives, and priority actions.  These priority actions are the specific strategies for achieving the goals and quantifiable objectives for each of the three priority problems: hydrologic alterations, water quality degradation, and fish and wildlife habitat loss.

Volume II describes each preliminary implementation project, as provided by its sponsoring organization.  The projects in Volume 2 are organized first by the basin where the project is located, and then by sponsoring organization.  The basins include (1) Regionwide; (2) Caloosahatchee River and Watershed; (3) Lower Peace and Myakka Rivers; and (4) Upper Peace and Myakka Rivers.  To assist the reader in finding the page number for a particular project, several indexes of the projects are provided in Volume 2.  Also, an extensive list of acronyms is provided in both volumes of this document.)

Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.  (1999).  Data management, analysis, and exchange strategy.  79 pp.  North Fort Myers, FL: The Program.

(The document describes data management strategy for the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.  It identifies data gaps and needs, and suggests actions to fill information gaps and encourage data exchange.  It includes information on web sites, geographical information systems, CD-ROM data, newsletters and reports.)

Coastal Environmental.  (1997).  Update of nutrients and suspended solids loading estimates to Charlotte Harbor.  St. Petersburg, FL: Coastal Environmental, Inc.

Coastal Environmental.  (1995).  Estimates of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total suspended solids loadings to Charlotte Harbor, Florida.  1 vol.  St. Petersburg, FL: Coastal Environmental, Inc.

Coastal Environmental.  (1995).  Estimates of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total suspended solids loadings to Charlotte Harbor, Florida.  Prepared for Surface Water Improvement and Management Dept., Southwest Florida Water Management District, Tampa, FL.  St. Petersburg, FL: Coastal Environmental, Inc.

Daltry, W. E. and David Y. Burr.  (1998).  Base Program Analysis: Volume 1: Description of the existing laws, policy and resource management structures in the Greater Charlotte Harbor watershed.  Charlotte Harbor National Estuaries Program Technical Report No. 98-01.  162pp.  North Fort Myers, FL: Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.

(The purpose of the base programs analysis is to recognize the current public and private environmental regulatory programs, provide an assessment of the overall programs that are in place, and identify the gaps in the existing institutional framework for resource management.  Provides a snapshot of the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program's socioeconomic conditions.  It reviews the current institutional management of the natural resources in the greater Charlotte Harbor watershed.  This analysis is performed within an outline of the three major priority problems: hydrologic alterations; water quality degradation; and fish and wildlife habitat loss.)

Doering, P. H. and R. H. Chamberlain.  (1997).  Water quality in the Caloosahatchee Estuary, San Carlos Bay and Pine Island Sound, Florida.  Draft.  23 pp.  West Palm Beach, FL: Ecosystem Restoration Dept., South Florida Water Management District.
http://library.fgcu.edu/Forms/caloosa.asp         
(The purpose of this report is to summarize water quality conditions in the southern portion of the Charlotte Harbor system, describing seasonal and spatial variation in water quality and  comparing water quality with other established standards that are more generically applied.  Concentrations of nutrients and other water quality parameters were sampled monthly at 17 stations in the Caloosahatchee Estuary-Pine Island Sound region of the Charlotte Harbor system from November 1985 to May 1989.  Several of these stations were revisited on a monthly basis from November 1994 to December 1995.)

DuBar, Jules.  (1962).  Neogene biostratigraphy of the Charlotte Harbor area in Southwest Florida.  83 pp.  Tallahassee, FL: Florida U. S. Geological Survey.

OR

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(The study presents a stratigraphic and paleoecologic analyses of the Neogene deposits exposed in the vicinity of Charlotte Harbor Area in Florida as well as an accurate interpretation of the depositional environments and geologic history of southern Florida.)

Environmental Science and Engineering.  (1977).  Final water quality report for the Charlotte Harbor study area.  233 pp.  North Fort Myers, FL: Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council.
(The document covers water quality analysis work performed as part of the Southwest Florida Section 208 program for the Charlotte Harbor study area.  It discusses the study area; the sampling program, including the basis for design; baseline sampling results; storm event sampling results; estimation of pollutant loadings for present and future conditions; predictions of water quality assuming no nonpoint source controls; results of the productivity study; area water quality goals and objectives; and deficiencies in water quality.)

Environmental Science and Engineering.  (1977).  Technical appendix, final water quality report, water quality data for Phillippi Creek and Charlotte Harbor.  1 vol.  North Fort Myers, FL: Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council. 
(A water quality sampling and monitoring program was begun in July 1976, as part of the Southwest Florida 208 Project.  Sampling continued through June 1977.  This document presents all data that was gathered in the Phillippi Creek and Charlotte Harbor study areas.)         

Environmental Quality Laboratory.  (1978).  Supplemental water quality: Presentation to the Charlotte Harbor 208 Advisory Committee.  25 pp.  Port Charlotte, FL: The Laboratory.
(This is a critique of the 208 Water Quality Model that was used to propose nitrogen and phosphorus standards for Charlotte Harbor.  The document suggests that this model cannot be used in either the Caloosahatchee or Charlotte Harbor estuary.  An alternative is proposed and limitations are discussed.  An example is presented to show how this new method could be applied to Charlotte Harbor.  Nutrient reductions are indicated for the Peace River, which contributes about 77% of all runoff to Charlotte Harbor.)

Estevez, Ernest D., et al.  (1998).  Story of the Greater Charlotte Harbor watershed.  135pp.  North Fort Myers, FL: Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.
(This publication provides an overview of the physical, biological, historical and economic aspects of the Greater Charlotte Harbor watershed.  It characterizes the state of the natural systems and major resource management issues throughout the area.)

Estevez, E. D, J. Miller and J. Morris.  (1984).  Charlotte Harbor Estuarine Ecosystem Complex and the Peace River.  2 vols.  Fort Myers, FL: Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council.
(This is a 1984 review of published and unpublished scientific information on the Charlotte Harbor estuarine ecosystem complex and the Peace River.  It covers the entire coastal area of the Charlotte Harbor region, including Gasparilla Sound, the Peace and Myakka River estuaries, Charlotte Harbor proper, Matlacha Pass and Pine Island Sound, the Caloosahatchee River estuary, San Carlos Bay and Estero Bay.  A special chapter has been prepared for the Peace River.  Information has been reviewed in the disciplines of meteorology, topography, geology, hydrology, water chemistry, and biology.)     

Fourqurean, J. W. and Y. Cai.  (2001).  Arsenic and phosphorus in seagrass leaves from the Gulf of Mexico.  Aquatic Botany, 71(4): 247-258.
(The authors sampled green leaves of the seagrass Thalassia testudinum for the uptake of arsenic from six estuaries in the Gulf of Mexico (including Charolotte Harbor).

Fraser, Thomas H. and Ralph T. Montgomery.  (1997).  Compendium of existing monitoring programs in the greater Charlotte Harbor watershed.  187 pp.  North Fort Myers, FL: Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.

(This report describes monitoring programs for the Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program study area.(including the Myakka River).The objectives of this report are to: 1) identify and describe all existing land, air, terrestrial and aquatic wildlife and vegetation, and water monitoring programs that pertain to the study area; 2) provide a summary of those programs both temporally and geographically; 3) help identify areas where monitoring is lacking or where protocols are inconsistent; and 4) assist existing programs in coordinating their efforts and increase understanding of programs across organizations.)

Fraser, Thomas H.  (1986).  Long-term water-quality characteristics of Charlotte Harbor, Florida.  43 pp.  Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Dept. of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey.
(Water-quality data for nine constituents collected from January 1976 through March 1984 in upper Charlotte Harbor were examined for evidence of change with time.  Average seasonal patterns and moving averages were described to aid initial descriptions of variation.  Multilinear regression models were developed using independent variables that may affect variation of constituents.  A nonparametric analysis (Seasonal Kendall test) was used as a different approach to determine trends.)

Fraser, T. H. and W. H. Wilcox.  (1981).  Enrichment of a subtropical estuary with nitrogen, phosphorus and silica.  In B. J. Neilson and L. E. Cronin (Eds.).  International Conference on the Effects of Nutrient Enrichment in Estuaries (pp. 481-489).  Williamsburg, VA, 29 May 1979.
(Covers seasonal pulses of nutrients delivered to Charlotte Harbor from the Peace River and other tributaries.)

Froelich, P. N., et al.  (1985).  Arsenic, barium, germanium, tin, dimethylsulfide and nutrient biogeochemistry in Charlotte Harbor, Florida, a phosphorus-Enriched Estuary.  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 20(3): 239-264.
(Concentrations of dissolved nutrients were measured along the salinity gradient in Charlotte Harbor)

Germain, Guy J. and Jonathan E. Shaw.  (1994).  Surface water quality monitoring network.  South Florida Water Management District.  Technical publication 88-3.  1 vol.  West Palm Beach, FL: Water Quality Division, Resource Planning Dept., South Florida Water Management District.
(This 1988 report describes the South Florida Water Management District's eleven active surface water quality monitoring programs.  It presents the objectives and purposes of each program; the location of the sampling sites; the parametric coverage; the period of record; and the frequency of sampling.)

Grace, Scott R.  (1977).  Sedimentary phosphorus in the Myakka and Peace River estuaries, Charlotte Harbor, Florida.  Unpublished master's thesis, University of South Florida, Tampa.

Harris, R., H. Mattraw, J. Alberts and A. Honke.  (1972).  Effect of pollution on the marine environment, a case study.  In Coastal Zone Pollution Management, Proceedings of the Symposium (pp. 249-264), Charleston, South Carolina, February 21-22, 1972, Clemson University, Clemson, SC.
(The authors examine the impact of wastewater discharge from phosphate mining on the Charlotte Harbor estuary.)

Hayward, Don and Ernest D. Estevez.  (1997).  Suitability of Florida waters to invasion by the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha.  Florida Sea Grant College Program of NOAA/DOC Grant No. NZ36RG-0070.  Sarasota, FL: Mote Marine Laboratory.
http://www.mote.org/techreps/495/text.phtml?noframes=0 
(Assesses the suitability of Florida waters for zebra mussel habitation.)

Hayward, Donald, Susan Lowrey and L. Kellie Dixon.  (1994).  Characterization of Port Charlotte water quality and comparison to other Southwest Florida canal systems.  77 pp.  Sarasota, FL: Mote Marine Laboratory.
http://www.mote.org/techreps/391/391.pdf  
(The study's objectives were to determine the current water quality in  the canal systems of Port Charlotte and evaluate the data against indices of water quality and against data sets for other canal systems.)

Heyl, M. G.  (1997).  Hypoxia in Charlotte Harbor.  pp 229-227.  In Sally Treat (Ed.).  Proceedings of the 1997 Charlotte Harbor Public Conference and Technical Symposium (pp. 229-227).
Full text:http://library.fgcu.edu/chnep/9802-24.pdf  

Huang, Ter-Chien and H.G. Goodell.  (1967).  Sediments of Charlotte Harbor, Southwest Florida.  449-474 pp.  Tulsa, OK: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists.
(A total of 215 bottom grab samples and 28 shallow cores were taken from the Charlotte Harbor system during the period of December 27, 1964, to January 1, 1965.  They were studied to show the distribution of the harbor's sediments' textural and compositional properties.  Multivariate nonlinear regression was used to relate the sediment characteristics to their provenance, transportation, and depositional environments.)

Levesque, V. A. and K. M. Hammett.  (1997).  Comparison of two methods for estimating discharge and nutrient loads from tidally affected reaches of the Myakka and Peace rivers, west-central Florida.  27 pp.  Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Geological Survey.

(The purpose of this report is to describe and compare two methods (the tidal-estimation and basin-ratio methods) that were used for estimating discharge and nutrient loads for the tidal reaches of the Myakka and Peace River Basins.  Data were collected during four separate 30-day periods during 1994 and 1995; two of the periods represented low-flow conditions and two represented high-flow conditions.  Both methods were used to compute discharge and nutrient loads for the data-collection periods, and the results were then compared.)

Lipp, E. K., et al.  (2001).  Effects of seasonal variability and weather on microbial fecal pollution and enteric pathogens in a subtropical estuary.  Estuaries, 24(2): 266-276.
(In this study, Charlotte Harbor estuary was sampled monthly for one year at twelve stations, in the lower reaches of the Myakka and Peace Rivers.)

Lipp, E. K., C. Rodriguez-Palacios and J. Rose.  (2001).  Occurrence and distribution of the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus in a subtropical Gulf of Mexico estuary.  Hydrobiologia, 460(1-3): 165-173.
(Water and sediment samples from Charlotte Harbor were examined for Vibrio vulnificus, for 1 year)

Lipp, E. K., et al.  (2001).  Effects of seasonal variability and weather on microbial fecal pollution and enteric pathogens in a subtropical estuary.  Estuaries, 24(2): 266-276.
(The purposes of the study were to examine the distribution and seasonal changes in microbial indicators and human pathogen levels in Charlotte Harbor shellfish and recreational waters.)

Lipp, E. K.  (1999).  Occurrence, distribution and transport of human pathogens in coastal waters of Southwest Florida.  Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of South Florida, Tampa.

OR

Loflin, R. K.  (1995).  Effects of docks on seagrass beds in the Charlotte Harbor estuary.  Florida Scientist,  58(2): 198-205.
(Measures the shadow effect created by docks located over shallow grass flats and prop scarring on seagrass.)

McFarren, E. F., et al.  (1965).  Occurrence of a ciguatera-like poison in oysters, clams, and Gymnodinium breve cultures.  Toxicon, 3(2): 111-123.
(The authors examine a toxin found in Crassostria virginica and clams Venus mercenaria campechiensis from certain areas of Charlotte Harbor, Lemon Bay, Sarasota Bay, and Tampa Bay, Florida, that appears to be identical to the toxin responsible for ciguatera poisoning.)

McPherson, B. E. and R. L. Miller.  (1994).  Causes of light attenuation in Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor, Southwestern Florida.  53 pp.  Herndon, VA: American Water Resources Association.  
(Vertical attenuation of photosynthetically active radiation in clear waters of central Florida theoretically can vary almost 50% during a sunny summer day as a result of changing solar elevation.  The authors used a simple formula to partially adjust the attenuation coefficient in Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor for changing solar elevation of the direct beam and then used multiple regression analysis to estimate the relative contribution of different water properties or constituents to the adjusted attenuation coefficient.)

McPherson, B. E , et al.  (1991).  Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on phytoplankton productivity and chlorophyll in a subtropical estuary, Charlotte Harbor, Florida.  63 pp.  Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Dept. of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey.

(Evaluates the effects of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus additions on phytoplankton productivity and chlorophyll-a concentrations in a subtropical Florida coastal plain estuary and assesses the potential effects of increased nutrient concentrations on future phytoplankton production within the Charlotte Harbor system.)

McPherson, B. F. and R. L. Miller.  (1990).  Nutrient distribution and variability in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system, Florida.  Water Resources Bulletin, 26: 67-80.
(The purpose of this paper is to evaluate nutrient distribution and variability and to relate these to freshwater inflow and biological processes in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system.  The nutrients evaluated include forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica.  The evaluation is based on data collected in the estuary from 1982 to 1985 and on long-term data collected in the major rivers.  To evaluate the estuarine data, the authors have developed a nutrient dilution curve model that separates the effects of tributary nutrient inputs from chemical and biological processes in the estuary.  The nutrient dilution curve model depicts the theoretical nutrient concentration that would occur along the salinity gradient under steady-state, conservative mixing conditions.)         

McPherson, B. F. and Miller, R. L.  (1989).  Effects of freshwater inflow on the phytoplankton carbon-14 productivity and chlorophyll-a in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system, Southwest Florida.  In U. S. Geological Survey Second National Symposium on Water Quality, Orlando, FL, November 12-17, 1989.  Open-file report / U. S. Geological Survey No. 89-409.  Reston, VA: U. S. Dept. of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey.

McPherson, B. F. and R. L. Miller.  (1987).  Vertical attenuation of light in Charlotte Harbor, a shallow, subtropical estuary, Southwest Florida: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 25(6): 721-737.
(Examines the contribution of different components to the attenuation of light  in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system using laboratory and in situ measurements.)

Miller, R. and McPherson, B.  (1991).  Estimating estuarine flushing and residence times in Charlotte Harbor, Florida, via salt balance and a box model.  Limnology and Oceanography, 36(3): 602-612.
(The authors present new concepts and techniques for processing flow and salinity data and calibrating a box model designed to estimate water residence times in Charlotte Harbor.  Results from the study indicate that, under average (70 cu m/sec) river inflow, 95% of the original water present in the harbor flushes into the Gulf in 130 days)

Miller, R. L., T. F. Kraemer and B. F. McPherson.  (1990).  Radium and radon in Charlotte Harbor Estuary, Florida.  Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 31(4): 439-457.
(Radium-226 and super(222)Rn activities are greater in the estuarine waters of northern Charlotte Harbor and the lower tidal Peace and Myakka Rivers, Florida, than in either the freshwater reaches of the rivers or waters of the lower estuary and the Gulf of Mexico.

Miller, R. and McPherson, B.  (1987).  Concentration and transport of phosphorous and radium-226 in the Peace River and Charlotte Harbor, Southwest Florida.  In Proceedings of the American Chemical Society (pp. 389-391), New Orleans, LA, August 30-September 4, 1987.

Montgomery, R. T., B. F. McPherson and E. E. Emmons.  (1991).  Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on phytoplankton productivity and chlorophyll a in a subtropical estuary, Charlotte Harbor.  Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Dept. of the Interior, U. S. Geological Survey.

(The report presents the results of a study to evaluate the effects of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus additions on phytoplankton productivity and chlorophyll-a concentrations in a subtropical Florida coastal plain estuary and assesses the potential effects of increased nutrient concentrations on future phytoplankton production within the Charlotte Harbor system.  The results of this estuarine phytoplankton productivity study are discussed in terms of the seasonal and areal variations in ambient-nutrient concentrations and hydrologic conditions.  The potential implications that increased anthropogenic-nutrient inputs may have on primary productivity within specific hydrologically defined areas of the harbor are also examined.)

Morrison, Gerold, et al.  (1997).  Nutrient, chlorophyll, and dissolved oxygen concentrations in Charlotte Harbor: Existing conditions and long-term trends.  In Sally Treat (Ed.).  Proceedings of the 1997 Charlotte Harbor Public Conference and Technical Symposium (pp. 201-217).
Full text: http://library.fgcu.edu/chnep/9802-23.pdf

Pierce, R. H., et al.  (1985).  Hydrocarbon contamination from coastal development.  In M. L. Sohn (Ed.).  Meeting of the American Chemical Society Organic Marine Geochemistry, ACS Symposium Series (pp. 229-246), Miami Beach, FL (USA), 28 Apr-3 May, 1985.

Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan.  (1999).  Synthesis of technical information.  Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Program.  Technical Report No. 99-02.  2 vols.  North Fort Myers, FL: Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.

(This document comprises the characterization element of the National Estuary Program process.  It synthesizes available information about the water quality, hydrologic alterations, and fish and wildlife habitat in the Greater Charlotte Harbor watershed.  It covers the Caloosahatchee River, Charlotte Harbor, Estero Bay, Lemon Bay, Myakka River, Peace River,  Pine Island Sound and  Coastal Venice.)

Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan.  (1978).  Water quality management program, section 208: recommended control techniques for Charlotte Harbor.  Fort Myers FL: Post, Buckley, Schuh and Jernigan

Quinn, Heather, et al.  (1989).  Susceptibility and status of Gulf of Mexico estuaries to nutrient discharges: summary report.  36 pp.  Rockville, MD: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

(The paper includes Charlotte Harbor, Tampa Bay, and Ten Thousand Islands)

Schropp, S. J.  (1994).  Charlotte Harbor Sediment Quality Evaluation.  Tasks 2 and 3 Draft Final Report.  65 pp.  St. Petersburg, FL: Coastal Environmental, Inc.

Seng, Y. Peter.  Circulation in the Charlotte Harbor estuarine systrem.  pp. 91-110.  In Sally Treat (Ed.).  Proceedings of the 1997 Charlotte Harbor Public Conference and Technical Symposium (pp. 91-110).
Full text:http://library.fgcu.edu/chnep/9802-13.pdf

Schropp, Steven J.  (1997).  Charlotte Harbor sediment quality data review.  In Sally Treat (Ed.).  Proceedings of the 1997 Charlotte Harbor Public Conference and Technical Symposium (pp. 35-45).
Full text: http://library.fgcu.edu/chnep/9802-7.pdf

South Florida Water Management District.  (2002).  Minimum Flows and Levels.  Related and useful links.  South Florida Water Management District web site.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/org/wsd/mfl/links.html    

Southwest Florida Regional Planning Council.  (1978).  Southwest Florida 208 water quality management program: a citizen's interim executive summary.  41 pp.  Fort Myers, FL: The Council.
(This is an interim report on the development of a water quality management plan for Southwest Florida.  The report discusses the history and development of the Section 208 program, which is part of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.  Five case study areas are examined: Phillippi Creek Subbasin; Charlotte Harbor-Peace/Myakka River Basin; Upper Caloosahatchee River Basin; the Big Cypress Basin; and the Lemon Bay area.  Future Section 208 activities and public participation in 208 activities are discussed.)

Southwest Florida Water Management District.  (1994).  Review and Analyses of Meteorological, Tributary Flow, and Water Quality Data From the Charlotte Harbor Estuarine System.  Draft Report.  Coastal Environmental, Inc.

Squires, A. P., H. Zarbock and S. Janaki.  (1997).  Loadings of total nitrogen, total phosphorous and total suspended solids in Charlotte Harbor.  In Sally Treat (Ed.).  Proceedings of the 1997 Charlotte Harbor Public Conference and Technical Symposium (pp. 187-200).
Full text: http://library.fgcu.edu/chnep/9802-22.pdf

Stoker, Y. E.  (1986).  Water Quality of the Charlotte Harbor Estuarine System, Florida, November 1982 Through October 1984.  Tampa, FL: U. S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division.
(The U. S. Geological Survey conducted a multidisciplinary, 7-year study of the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system in Southwest Florida.  A large part of the study is devoted to the collection, analysis, and interpretation of water-quality data, including physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.  This report presents the water-quality data collected during the first 2 years of water-quality data collection, November 1982 through October 1984.  Methods of data collection and analysis are outlined and information on sample locations and frequency of sampling is provided.)

Stoker, Y. E. and G. A. Karavitis.  (1983).  Literature assessment of the Charlotte Harbor estuarine system and surrounding area, Southwest Florida.  134 pp.  Reston, VA: U. S. Geological Survey.

Sutcliffee, H.  (1973).  Appraisal of the Water Resources of Charlotte County, Florida.  Open-File Report 73010, 1973.  61 p.  Tallahassee, FL: U. S. Geological Survey.

Tomasko, D.  (1996).  Development of a resource-based pollutant load reduction goal for Charlotte Harbor.  South Florida Water Management District.
(The paper is a synopsis of the status and trends in water quality, refinement of a pollutant reduction goal (PLRG), nutrients, and sources of nitrogen loads.)

Treat, Sally F. (Ed.).  (1997).  Charlotte Harbor Public Conference and Technical Symposium.  Proceedings of the Charlotte Harbor Public Conference and Technical Symposium, March 1997, Punta Gorda, FL.  274 pp.  West Palm Beach, FL:: South Florida Water Management District ; North Fort Myers, FL: Charlotte Harbor National Estuary Program.

United States.  Environmental Protection Agency.  (1975).  Finger-fill canal studies, Florida and North Carolina.  EPA 904/9-76-017.  427 pp. (This report presents and interprets data collected from a study of finger-fill canals during 1973-1974.  The canals studied are located in Charlotte, Monroe and Bay counties, Florida and in Carteret County, North Carolina.  The study provided information on water chemistry, sediment chemistry and biological aspects of existing finger-fill canals; canal conditions of various sizes, ages and stages of residential development; flushing rates of different canal configurations; mass exchange of nutrients between canals and receiving waters; septic tank/sorbtion field leachates in canals from development; and the application of predictive mathematical models)