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Q: What is a standard?
A: A standard is a document, established by consensus that provides rules, guidelines, or characteristics for activities or their results(As defined in ISO/IEC Guide 2:2004).
Q: Why are standards important?
A: Standards play an important role in everyday life. They may establish size or shape or capacity of a product, process, or system. They can specify performance of products or personnel. They also can define terms so that there is no misunderstanding among those using the standard.
Standards help ensure that film to fit our cameras can be purchased anywhere in the world, that a light bulb fits a socket, and plugs for electrical appliances fit outlets. With standards, our homes, workplaces, and public buildings are safer from collapse, fire, and explosion.
From ANSI FAQ
What is a Patent?
A patent for an invention is a grant of property rights by the U.S. government through the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The patent grant excludes others from making, using, or selling the invention in the United States.
From USPTO FAQ